Django高级-forms组件

发表于 更新于 分类于 ， 本文字数： 13k 阅读时长 ≈ 12 分钟

**1 校验字段功能 **

针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。

模型：models.py

1
2
3
4
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField(

模版文件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用户名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">邮箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

视图函数：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
                         widget=wid_01
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)



def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

2 渲染标签功能

渲染方式1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div>
                        <label for="">用户名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密码</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">确认密码</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

渲染方式2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
<form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    
                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div>
                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                
</form>

渲染方式3

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {{ form.as_p }}

    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

3 渲染错误信息功能

视图

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
        return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    
    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

4 组件的参数配置

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
class Ret(Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名',
                           error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长',
                                           'min_length': '太短'},
                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
    pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})

5 局部钩子

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")

    def clean_tel(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val
        else:
            raise  ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

6 全局钩子

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
def clean(self):
    pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
    r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

    if pwd and r_pwd:
        if pwd==r_pwd:
            return self.cleaned_data
        else:
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
    else:

        return self.cleaned_data
pwd_err=my_form.errors.get('__all__')
from django import forms

from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="用户名",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},
                         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="密码",
                        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
                        )
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
    email=forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"格式错误"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))
    tel=forms.CharField(label="手机号",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))


    def clean_name(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")

    def clean_tel(self):

        val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")

        if len(val)==11:

            return val
        else:
            raise  ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

    def clean(self):
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:
            if pwd==r_pwd:
                return self.cleaned_data
            else:
                raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
        else:

            return self.cleaned_data
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01.myforms import *

def reg(request):

    if request.method=="POST":

        print(request.POST)

        #form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})


        form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致

        print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值

        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"email":"123@qq.com"}
            # print(form.errors)        # {"name":[".........."]}
            # print(type(form.errors))  # ErrorDict
            # print(form.errors.get("name"))
            # print(type(form.errors.get("name")))    # ErrorList
            # print(form.errors.get("name")[0])


            #   全局钩子错误
            #print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])
            errors=form.errors.get("__all__")


            return render(request,"reg.html",locals())

        '''

        form.is_valid()   :返回布尔值
        form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        form.errors       :{"name":[".........."]}

        '''


    form=UserForm()

    return render(request,"reg.html",locals())
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .error{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            {#<h3>简单form</h3>#}
            {##}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
            {#    {% csrf_token %}#}
            {#    <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}
            {#    <p>密码 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#}
            {#    <p>确认密码 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#}
            {#    <p>邮箱  <input type="text" name="email"></p>#}
            {#    <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}
            {#    <input type="submit">#}
            {##}
            {#</form>#}

            <hr>
            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>
            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>

                {% csrf_token %}
                <p>{{ form.name.label }}
                    {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }}
                    {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>确认密码
                    {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <input type="submit">

            </form>

            {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}
            {##}
            {#    {% for field in form %}#}
            {##}
            {#        <div>#}
            {#            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}
            {#            {{ field }}#}
            {#        </div>#}
            {##}
            {#    {% endfor %}#}
            {##}
            {#     <input type="submit">#}
            {#</form>#}
            {##}
            {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式3</h3>#}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post">#}
            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}
            {##}
            {#     {{ form.as_p }}#}
            {##}
            {#     <input type="submit">#}
            {#</form>#}


        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>